The Hypoglycemic Activities and Underlying Mechanisms of Two Saponins-Rich Components from Fried Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Kernel

作者：Li, Yi-Meng; Hao, Ke-Xin; Xie, Hong; Jiang, Jian-Guo^*

来源：Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2023, 67(12).

DOI：10.1002/mnfr.202200364

• chemical composition
• hypoglycemic activities
• saponins
• Ziziphus jujuba Mill
• kernel

ScopeDried Ziziphus jujuba Mill. kernel is a potential natural source of nutraceutical and therapeutic agents in China. Recent researches have shown that the saponins of dried Z. jujuba Mill. kernel (SZJs: SZJ-1 and SZJ-2) have various biological effects. However, the hypoglycemic activities and underlying mechanisms of SZJs remain obscure. Method and resultsIn the current study, two saponins SZJ-1 and SZJ-2 mainly composed of betulinic acid, spinosin, jujuboside A, and jujuboside B are extracted and is olated from dried Z. jujuba Mill. kernel. The SZJ-1 and SZJ-2 could significantly inhibit the activities of digestion enzymes alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylases. The hypoglycemic ability of SZJ-1 and SZJ-2 is further investigated and the results show that SZJ-1 and SZJ-2 can improve the hyperglycemic by increasing the glucose consumption, improving the superoxide dismutase (SOD), hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK) activities, and decrease the MDA content of insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SZJ-1 and SZJ-2 can activate the phosphorated adenosine 5 '-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (p-AMPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110 alpha (PI3K-p110 alpha), and phosphorated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Ser9) (p-GSK3 beta). ConclusionThese results indicating that the SZJ-1 and SZJ-2 might improve the insulin resistant symptoms by improving the energy metabolic level and increasing the glycogen synthase activity of HepG2 cells.