科研之友
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摘要
Alkylamines are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. The Mannich reaction is a well-known three-component reaction for preparing alkylamines and has been widely used in academic research and industry. However, the nucleophilic components in this process rely on C(sp(2))-H and activated C(sp(3))-H bonds while the unactivated C(sp(3))-H bonds involved Mannich alkylamination is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report an unprecedented multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination for both C(sp(2))-H and unactivated benzylic C(sp(3))-H bonds. In this process, various 3-alkylbenzofurans, formaldehyde and alkylamine hydrochlorides assemble efficiently to furnish benzofuran-fused piperidines. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a distinctive pathway that a multiple Mannich reaction and retro-Mannich reaction of benzofuran and dehydrogenation of benzylic C(sp(3))-H bonds were key steps to constitute the alkylamination. This protocol furnishes a Mannich alkylamine synthesis from unusual C-H inputs to access benzofuran-fused piperidines with exceptional structural diversity, molecular complexity and drug-likeness. Therefore, this work opens a distinctive vision for the alkylamination of unactivated C(sp(3))-H bonds, and provides a powerful tool in diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and drug discovery. @@@ The Mannich reaction is a three-component reaction for preparing alkylamines, but the nucleophilic components rely on C(sp(2))-H and activated C(sp(3))-H bonds. Here, the authors report an unprecedented multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination for both C(sp(2))-H and unactivated benzylic C(sp(3))-H bonds.
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单位北京交通大学; 浙江大学; 天津大学
