Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause: a longitudinal cohort study

作者：Guo, Cui; Yu, Tsung; Chen, Jinjian; Chang, Ly-yun; Lin, Changqing; Yu, Zengli; Chan, Shin Heng Teresa; Dong, Guanghui; Tam, Tony; Huang, Bo; Lau, Alexis K. H.; Lao, Xiang Qian^*

来源：Annals of Epidemiology, 2022, 76: 68-76.

DOI：10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.008

• PM2
• 5
• NO2
• O3
• Age at menopause
• Longitudinal cohort

Background: To investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and age at menopause and the risk of early menopause in two Asian cohorts.Methods: A total of 53,167 female adults were enrolled from two ongoing cohorts, one each in Taiwan and Hong Kong, between 2003 and 2018, yielding 20 0,0 0 0 person-years of follow-up. We performed a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate associations between air pollution and menopause. Results: The mean age at baseline and at natural menopause was 34.4 and 51.0 years, respectively. In the single-pollutant models, we found that increase in PM2.5 and NO2 was associated a younger age at menopause [hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.16 (1.09-1.23) and 1.04 (1.01-1.06), respectively, for each 10 mu g/m3 increase in air pollution]. In the multiple-pollutant models, the NO2- menopause associations were attenuated after adjusting for PM2.5 and O 3 , whereas the associations of menopause with PM2.5 and O 3 remained stable. Similar associations were observed for the risk of early menopause (age at menopause <= 45 years). Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with the age at menopause and the risk of early menopause. More effective strategies to mitigate air pollution are required.

• 单位
  中山大学; 1; 郑州大学; 中国科学院