Far-field Coupling and Interactions in Multiple Geospheres After the Tonga Volcano Eruptions

作者：Chen, Chieh-Hung^*; Sun, Yang-Yi; Zhang, Xuemin; Wang, Fei; Lin, Kai; Gao, Yongxin; Tang, Chi-Chia; Lyu, Jun; Huang, Rong; Huang, Qian

来源：Surveys in Geophysics, 2023, 44(3): 587-601.

DOI：10.1007/s10712-022-09753-w

• Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha' apai volcano
• Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling
• Ionospheric electrodynamics
• Acoustic effect
• Resonant coupling

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) underwater volcano triggered giant atmospheric shock waves propagating around the world. These shock waves were the major factor for the changes in numerous geophysical parameters. A novel multi-instrumental array is located similar to 10,275 km northwest of the HTHH volcano. Most instruments of the array were installed within similar to 400 m(2) for monitoring vibrations and perturbations in the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere. The multiple instruments captured the eruption-associated disturbances with various scales ranging from minutes to hours over the certain location, simultaneously, which offer an excellent opportunity for investigating the geosphere coupling. The primary phenomena of the eruption-associated disturbances are the long-period changes (period of similar to 2 h) in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and the magnetic field in the upper atmosphere (above 100 km altitude), indicating the interactions of the ionospheric electrodynamics. The secondary phenomena included the wind disturbances at -3000 m altitude, which contribute to short-period changes (periods of up to ten minutes) in air pressure, ground vibrations, and atmospheric electric field. The near-surface disturbances propagate upward with a near acoustic speed that causes short-period variations in the geomagnetic field and EEC. The primary changes in ionospheric electrodynamics, wind disturbance in the lower atmosphere, and its upward propagation, as well as the resonance, enrich our understanding of the geosphere coupling.