Hybrid Composites Based on Al/CuO Nanothermites and Tetraamminecopper Perchlorate for High-Performance Energetic Materials

摘要

Nanothermites have high energy densities and fast reactionspeeds,but their applications are restrained by their relatively low gasgeneration capacity owing to the lack of gaseous products. By contrast,nitrogen-rich explosives can release substantial small-molecule gasesupon intramolecular decomposition. Recently, the integration of nanothermiteswith nitrogen-rich explosives has attracted growing interest to attainimproved reactive performances. In this work, hybrid energetic compositescomposed of Al/CuO nanothermites and tetraamminecopper perchlorate(TACP) were prepared. The reaction behaviors of pure TACP and a seriesof Al/CuO/TACP composites were systematically investigated. Duringthe dynamic heating in thermogravimetry coupled with differentialscanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), the total heat release of Al/CuO/TACPcomposites was basically the linear combination of Al/CuO (2.23 kJ/g)and TACP (1.44 kJ/g) based on their mass contents. However, the additionof n-Al and n-CuO could lower the decomposition temperature of TACPby 20 & DEG;C, and the chlorides produced from TACP decompositionwere found to promote the oxidation of n-Al. Compared with sole Al/CuOand sole TACP, the hybrid composites with TACP content of 10-25%showed considerably strengthened blast performances and significantlyenhanced gas generation capacities. The maximum pressure and pressurizationrate of Al/CuO/TACP_25% (1.67 MPa, 199.3 MPa/s) far exceed those ofAl/CuO (1.01 MPa, 93.3 MPa/s). Owing to their superior reactivity,Al/CuO/TACP hybrid composites show promising potential as high-performanceenergetic materials for applications, including green primary explosivesand gas generators.

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