Effect of macrophage polarization on parasitic protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus

作者：Zhang, Qi-zhi; Liu, Jun-hui; Gao, Yan-ru; Liang, Jun^*; Tang, Chun-lian^*

来源：Experimental Parasitology, 2024, 256: 108649.

DOI：10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108649

• Parasite
• Macrophages
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Immune regulation

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Based on the hygiene hypothesis, a growing body of evidence suggests a negative association between parasitic infections and diabetes in humans and animal models. The mechanism of parasite-mediated prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus may be related to the adaptive and innate immune systems. Macrophage polarization is a new paradigm for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and different host macrophage subsets play various roles during parasite infection. Proinflammatory cytokines are released by M1 macrophages, which are important in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Parasite-activated M2 macrophages prevent the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus and can influence the development of adaptive immune responses through several mechanisms, including Th2 cells and regulatory T cells. Here, we review the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in parasitic protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus.