Management of bone complications in patients with genitourinary malignancies

摘要

<br/>Skeletal metastases are common in genitourinary malignancies—including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer—and portend significant morbidity and poor prognosis. The presence of skeletal metastases can result in decreased quality of life and increased morbidity. Strategies can be employed to prevent bone-related complications including lifestyle modifications and dietary supplementation. Additionally, pharmacologic agents exist to prevent bone loss and may be appropriate for patients at high risk of fragility-related or skeletal complications, such as pathologic fracture related to bone metastases. Finally, advancement in effective systemic treatments, particularly novel hormone-targeted agents and immunotherapies, may limit the morbidity of advanced disease and delay the onset of skeletal-related complications.

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