Operando Studies of Bismuth Nanoparticles Embedded in N, O-Doped Porous Carbon for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor

作者：Liu, Congcong^*; Lu, Qiongqiong^*; Qu, Jiang; Feng, Wen; Thomas, Alexander; Li, Yuxi; Martinez, Ignacio G. Gonzalez; Pan, Cunliang; Mikhailova, Daria^*

来源：Small, 2024.

DOI：10.1002/smll.202311253

• bismuth nanoparticles
• heteroatom-doped porous carbon matrix
• potassium-ion hybrid capacitors
• reaction mechanisms
• synchrotron X-ray techniques

A highly viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries for stationary electrochemical energy-storage systems is the potassium dual-ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC), especially toward fast-charging capability. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of negative electrode materials seriously impedes their practical implementation. In this paper, a new negative electrode Bi@RPC (Nano-bismuth confined in nitrogen- and oxygen-doped carbon with rationally designed pores, evidenced by advanced characterization) is developed, leading to a remarkable electrochemical performance. PIHCs building with the active carbon YP50F positive electrode result in a high operation voltage (0.1-4 V), and remarkably well-retained energy density at a high-power density (11107 W kg-1 at 98 Wh kg-1). After 5000 cycles the proposed PHICs still show a superior capacity retention of 92.6%. Moreover, a reversible mechanism of "absorption-alloying" of the Bi@RPC nanocomposite is revealed by operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. With the synergistic potassium ions storage mechanism arising from the presence of well-structured pores and nano-sized bismuth, the Bi@RPC electrode exhibits an astonishingly rapid kinetics and high energy density. The results demonstrate that PIHCs with Bi@RPC-based negative electrode is the promising option for simultaneously high-capacity and fast-charging energy storage devices. @@@ A nanocomposite of Bismuth nanoparticles in heteroatoms (N and O)-doped carbon framework exhibits remarkable remarkably well-retained energy density at a high-power density (11107 W kg-1 at 98 Wh kg-1) in potassium-ion hybrid capacitor as a negative electrode. Advanced operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal a reversible mechanism of '' absorption-alloying '' during (de-)potassition. image

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