摘要

Currently, regarding essential oil (EO) field, green effective extraction technologies have emerged as solutions to drawbacks of classical extraction approaches. In this paper, the process optimization by the face centered central composite design (FCCCD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) was firstly applied to extract the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil by the sonohydrodistillation (SHD) and the microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). The SHD and the MAHD were compared with the hydrodistillation (HD) in terms of kinetic, quality and quantity of obtained EO, energy consumption, and environmental impact. Results showed that, optimized operating conditions were liquid-solid ratio of 12 mL/g, sonication time of 30 min, and extraction time of 62.20 min for SHD, while liquid-solid ratio of 2.903 mL/g, microwave power of 403.2 W, and extraction time of 30.27 min for MAHD. Meanwhile, efficient extraction of EO was obtained by using MAHD (2.72 & PLUSMN; 0.04%) compared with SHD (2.70 & PLUSMN; 0.07%) and HD (2.67 & PLUSMN; 0.05%), with shorter kinetic time (30 min versus 90 and 180 min with SHD and HD, respectively) and lower energy intensiveness, CO2 footprints, and wastewater. Using gas chro-matography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, MAHD and SHD exhibited more valuable EO with higher percentage of oxygenated compounds compared with HD. Micromorphological study and extraction mechanism were assessed by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) as additional proof to prove that MAHD was more effective than SHD and HD to extract Cinnamomum cassia EO. Therefore, MAHD represented an ecofriendly and a sustainable alternative technology for a speed green extraction of EOs from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs).