InN@In2S3 Core-Shell nanorod for oxygen-free and penetration depth-unrestricted photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma

摘要

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is among the most promising antineoplastic protocols for glioblastoma (GBM). Nonetheless, GBM is a deep-seated intracranial tumor with a serious hypoxic microenvironment; thus, ensuring a sufficient light penetration depth and oxygen (O2) supply are crucial to achieving a positive therapeutic outcome against GBM using PDT. Herein, InN@In2S3 core-shell nanorods are designed to serve as novel and indispensable PDT agents for GBM treatment. Unlike other PDT agents, InN@In2S3 features wide and strong near-infrared absorption that may improve the penetration depth. Moreover, InN@In2S3 exhibits high electron-hole separation efficiency owing to its II heterojunction. The separated holes catalyze the generation of O2 from H2O, thereby ensuring sufficient O2 supply for generating reactive oxygen species through a redox reaction between the generated O2 and separated electrons. Our study demonstrates an O2-free and penetration depth-unrestricted PDT strategy that will promote the clinical treatment of GBM with PDT.

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