Identifying Ecosystem Services Bundles for Ecosystem Services Trade-Off/Synergy Governance in an Urbanizing Region

作者：Cai, Wenbo^*

来源：Land, 2022, 11(9): 1593.

DOI：10.3390/land11091593

• ecosystem services
• trade-off
• environmental governance
• Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Ecosystem services (ES) are the contribution of ecosystem structure and function to human well-being, connecting natural and socio-economic systems. ES trade-off/synergy has been one of the critical issues in sustainable environmental governance for guiding and formulating environmental policies. However, science-to-practice framework for ecosystem services trade-off/synergy governance are still rare. This study presents a comprehensive framework for identifying and managing trade-off and synergy of ESs in an urbanizing region. Using Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)-one of the fastest urbanizing regions in China-as a case, this study identified major ecosystem service bundles (ESBs) and applied the comprehensive framework to inform ES trade-off/synergy governance. The results showed that there were three stable ESBs in the GBA, and that ESB 1 (high grain production) and ESB 2 (high carbon sequestration) should be increased, and ESB 3 (all ES provision are low) should be increased. Moreover, there was large spatial-temporal change in ESBs in the central area of the GBA during 2000-2015 due to population and land urbanization. This study provides valuable information for sustainable land management and environmental governance in an urbanizing region.

• 单位
  中国科学院; 上海交通大学