Interleukin 35: protective role and mechanism in type 1 diabetes

摘要

Interleukin 35 (IL-35), a cytokine secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells from the differentiation of conventional CD4+ T cells, is a member of the IL-12 family. The IL-12 family of cytokines exhibits an anti-inflammatory property. IL-35 has recently been shown to influence the immune modulation in vari-ous diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, pso- riasis, and type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D is an immune-related disease caused by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, characterized by an absolute lack of insulin. Recently, studies have suggested that protective effects of IL-35 work by improving blood glucose levels and preventing an attack of inflammatory fac-tors on the islets. The protective mechanism may be closely related to the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-35, which include regulating macrophage phenotype, suppressing T cell proliferation, decreasing the differentiation of Th17 cells, increasing the Treg cell population, and inducing IL-35-producing reg-ulatory T cells (iTr35). Here, we review the protective effects and mechanisms of action of IL-35 in T1D.

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