The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

作者：Jaime álvarez-Muiz; Rafael Alves Batista; Aswathi Balagopal V.; Julien Bolmont; Mauricio Bustamante; Washington Carvalho Jr.; Didier Charrier; Ismal Cognard; Valentin Decoene; Peter B.Denton; Sijbrand De Jong; Krijn D.De Vries; Ralph Engel; Ke Fang; Chad Finley; Stefano Gabici; Quan Bu Gou; Jun Hua Gu; Claire Guépin; Hong Bo Hu; Yan Huang; Kumiko Kotera; Sandra Le Coz; Jean-Philippe Lenain; Guo Liang Léü; Olivier Martineau-Huynh; Miguel Mostafá; Fabrice Mottez; Kohta Murase; Valentin Niess

来源：Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy , 2020, 63(01): 5-47.

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND) is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE) cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km~2. A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.

• 单位
  2; Institut Mines-TELECOM; The Ohio State University; Stanford University.; STANFORD UNIVERSITY; The Pennsylvania State University; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT); Ohio state university; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); university of Delaware; pennsylvania State University