A 0.31-THz Orbital-Angular-Momentum (OAM) Wave Transceiver in CMOS With Bits-to-OAM Mode Mapping

作者：Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim Wasiq^*; Woo, Jongchan; Yi, Xiang; Ibrahim, Mohamed I.; Yazicigil, Rabia Tugce; Chandrakasan, Anantha P.; Han, Ruonan

来源：IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2022, 57(5): 1344-1357.

DOI：10.1109/JSSC.2022.3141366

• Amplifier-multiplier chain
• CMOS
• far-field
• OAM modes
• orbital angular momentum (OAM)
• orthogonal
• security
• terahertz (THz)
• uniform circular antenna array

This article reports the first chip-based demonstration (at any frequency) of a transceiver front end that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves with a helical distribution of wavefront phase [namely, orbital angular momentum (OAM)]. The CMOS chip consists of eight 031-THz modulator/detector units, with an integrated patch antenna, which are placed in a uniform circular pattern with a diameter of one free-space wavelength. The chip transmits OAM modes that are digitally switched among the m = 0 (plane wave), +1 (left-handed), -1 (right-handed), and (+1) + (-1) (superposition) states. The chip is also reconfigurable into a receiver mode that identifies different OAM modes with >10-dB rejection of mismatched modes. The array, driven by only one 310-GHz signal generation path, has a measured EIRP of -4.8 dBm and consumes 154 mW of dc power in the OAM source mode. In the receiver mode, it has a measured conversion loss of similar to 30 dB and consumes 166 mW of de power. Using a low-cost 65-om bulk CMOS technology, the terahertz (THz)-OAM chip has an area of only 2.1 x 2.6 mm(2), which is the smallest among all prior OAM prototypes. The output OAM beam profiles and modes' orthogonality are experimentally verified. The dynamic mode switching capability of the chip is also verified in the time domain across 1-m distance, and a full-silicon OAM link is demonstrated.