科研之友
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摘要
In recent years, fluorescent probes and their imaging techniques have been widely applied in environmental, biological and medical diagnostic fields. Compared with conventional fluorescent probes, luminescence nanoprobes in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region are of importance because of their high spatial resolution, deep penetration capability, low invasiveness and autofluorescence. Among the various NIR-II nanoprobes, lanthanide-based NIR-II luminescent sensors exhibit unique advantages, such as narrow emission peaks, large Stokes shifts, longer lifetime and higher photostability. We focus on the recent progress on responsive NIR-II lanthanide nanoprobes in this review. We generalize the design strategies and synthesis methods of lanthanide nanoparticles for luminescent nanoprobe development. Then, we summarize the responsive mechanism of NIR-II lanthanide-based nanoprobes and their applications in biological systems. Finally, the challenges and future developments are discussed.
